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River Ice Guide
and Glossary
Glossary
Anchor Ice
Submerged ice attached or anchored to the river bed, irrespective
of the nature of its formation.
Border Ice
Ice formed along and fastened to the shore. Border ice does not extend
the entire width across the river. Also called shore ice.
Breakup Jam
Accumulation of broken ice pieces that restricts the flow of water;
may contain frazil ice or remnants of freezeup jam.
Candled Ice
Decayed sheet ice that takes the appearance of thin vertical crystals
shaped like candles.
Frazil Ice
Fine, small, needle-like structures or thin, flat, circular plates
of ice suspended in water. In rivers and lakes it is formed in supercooled,
turbulent water.
Freezeup Jam
Accumulation of frazil that restricts the flow of water; may contain
some broken border ice pieces.
Frazil Pans
Sometimes referred to as pancake ice. Circular flat accumulations
composed of frazil and slush ice with a raised rim; the shape and rim
are due to repeated collisions.
Shear Walls
Ice left along shoreline when a freezeup or breakup jam fails and
moves downstream.
Sheet Ice
A smooth, continuous ice cover formed by freezing in the case of lake
ice, or by the arrest and juxtaposition of ice floes in a single layer
in the case of river ice.
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Updated: August 2004 (dbh)
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